Wool is a protein fiber and it is formed in the skin of sheep and hence it is called animal fiber. So, choose your wool fiber after confirming about the physical and chemical properties of wool fiber. Shape length depends on breed of sheep, generally fiber is 114 or more inches, with finer fibers shorter coarser longer. Cuticula is formed of three layers which contain proteins and saccharides. Wool is a complex biological fibre consisting of proteins, which provide flexibility and excellent performance qualities. Wool fiber is the natural hair grown on sheep and is composed of protein substance called as keratin. This makes it a good choice for a wide range of outdoor activities. The morphological structure of wool is described and related to some of the physical properties of wool. But the analysis of the basic physical properties of coconut fibre is scanty. Properties such as density and refractive index are measured on both fibers and bulk samples, in annealed or unannealed form. Some properties of wool fiber depends on the fiber types.
Fibre diameter, staple strength, style, handle and. There is naturally much more variation in the physical properties of wild silk than in cultivated silk. Physical properties of wool fibers are given below. Wool fiber physical and chemical properties of wool. Download fulltext pdf physical properties of wool fibers in electrolyte solutions article pdf available in textile research journal 688. Jun 17, 2016 all properties of cellulose fiber is given here. Essential properties are those that are necessary for a particular sport either due to regulations or user requirement. The new edition has been substantially reorganised and revised to reflect new research. The tensile strength of wool fiber is 17,00029,000 lbin2. Elastic natural elasticity helps wool garments stretch with your body, yet return to their original shape. Degummed silk is less than cotton, flax, rayon or wool fiber. The characteristics of wool fiber or protein fibers are as follows.
This increases the density of the material and affects its draping properties. Pdf physical properties of wool fibers in electrolyte. Xray studies of the structure of hair, wool, and related. Wool fibers are hygroscopic and the most hydrophilic of textile fiber. It was one of the first fibers to be spun into yarn and woven into the fabric. The main features of the chemical composition is given of the various morphological compounds, viz.
Fibre diameter is responsible for 7080 per cent of the greasy wool price over the long term. The crimp increases the elasticity and elongation properties of the fiber and also aids in yarn manufacturing. Physical properties of linen fibers are given below. Jun 17, 2016 properties of wool fiber depends on the physical and chemical categories of it. Physical properties of textile fibres 4790 comments. The learn about wool resources provide an ideal opportunity for year 4 students to investigate the properties of wool in order to determine what makes wool the ideal fibre for use in a wide range of everyday products. Physical properties of some types of synthetic vitreous fibersa property eglass sglass arglass glass wool rock wool slag wool refractory ceramic fibers special purpose glass fiber 475 formulationb molecular weight na na na na na na na na density gcm3 2. Its tensile strength is between wool and silk fibre but disadvantage is low extension at break which is 57%. Wool has a elongation at break of 2535% under standard condition and 2550% when wet. Properties of fibers and fabrics materials science and.
In order to identify the desirable and essential property it is necessary to know the requirements of a specific sport table 2. Breathable wool fibres can absorb large quantities of moisture vapour then move it away to evaporate into the air. The cotton plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the. Wool fibre physical and chemical properties of wool fibre. Because of this ability, wool is known for the beautiful, rich colors that can be achieved. In the stress relaxation experiments, the decay of stress is measured as a function. Some physical and morphological characteristics of the selected samples are presented as the starting point. Rock wool used as a volumetric partial replacement of fine aggregate to estimate its effect on different properties of ferrocement mixtures. But we know that the basic properties of wool fiber depends on physical and chemical properties of it. Glass fibers are among the most versatile industrial materials known today. Finer fibres with more crimp such as merino create fabrics that drape better than coarser fibres. These properties are mandatory for everyday use and maintenance for fashion apparel. Physical properties of wool fibers in electrolyte solutions article pdf available in textile research journal 688. Wool fiber is strengthened by the used of ply yarns.
Certain properties of needle punched nonwoven fabrics. Chapter 3 fabric properties and their characteristics. Reports on variability of the property parameters of some other natural fibres are available recently811. Some of the mechanical properties of the wool fibre are examined at 0% relative humidity. Of the major apparel fibres, wool is the most reusable and recyclable fibre on the planet. The process includes using four percentages of rock wool fibers 0, 2, 4 and 6 % with lengths 5, 10 mm. They are readily produced from raw materials, which are available in virtually unlimited supply ref 1. Substitution of other fibres in a fabric with wool will change fabric moisture and thermal properties. Thus the higher the diameter of the fleece or the flock, the greater is the likelihood of high coarse edge and is usually reported as comfort factor, the percentage of wool fibres with a fibre diameter less than 30 microns.
It is not known, however, whether wool fibres can be specified with extreme values in these properties so that wool fibre batches can be assembled to produce significant and predictable differences in these properties in fabric or garment. Mean fibre diameter is a measurement in micrometres microns of the average diameter of wool fibres in a sale lot. The crimp in wool fibres makes it soft and springy to touch. Physical and chemical properties of wool fibre textile apex. It also adds bulk and traps a large volume of air between the fibres, giving it good insulation properties. Jun 07, 2018 degummed silk is less dense than cotton, flax rayon or wool. Physical properties of textile fibres sciencedirect.
As a natural fibre, evolved over millions of years to protect sheep against the elements, merino wool absorbs uv radiation providing protection from the sun. Wool fibre properties and applications textile mates. For the qualitative segregation of coconut fibre with the aim for designing the machines and. The wool fiber cross section may be nearly circular, but most wool fibers tend to be slightly elliptical or oval in shape. Merino wool clothing provides good protection from the sun, compared with the protection from other fibres. Australian merino wool is rich in natural properties that make it great to wear and easy to care for. So properties are two types as physical properties and chemical properties.
Wool fiber properties of wool fiber classification of. Acid dyes, chrome and mordant dyes are utilized to dye this. It varies depending on the wools country of origin and sheep type. The color of wool fiber could be white, near white, brown and black. Wool fibres have a very unique chemical and physical properties. Wool fibers have a natural crimp, a builtin waviness. It is often used in blends with cellulosic and manmade fibers. The cotton plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world including africa, americas and india. Stochastic analysis of major physical properties of coconut fibre. The color of wool fiber could be white, near white, brown. Physical and chemical properties of wool fiber textile.
Physical properties of silk fiber in textile fiber2apparel. Sunsafe wool is much better at protecting skin against uv radiation than most synthetics and cotton. Dietary fibre encompasses very diverse macromolecules exhibiting a large variety of physicochemical properties. Out of the wide range of indian wools, chokla is perhaps one of the most important varieties and was, therefore, selected for the present study. Cotton fiber physical and chemical properties of cotton. Mechanical and physical properties of sheep wool investigated in previous studies were assessed and discussed with the aim of providing an organized. The physical properties of the non woven fabrics are given in table 3. Properties of cellulose fiber physical and chemical. Clean wool, together with other animal fibres, belongs to a group of proteins known as keratins. Physical properties of silk fiber in textile textile chapter.
Silk fabrics are often weighted by allowing the filaments to absorb heavy metallic salts. Properties of wool fiber wool fiber properties texpedia. Formation of a polypeptide by reaction of amino acids. Pdf physical properties of wool fibers in electrolyte solutions. Discover how wools unique structure creates its many desirable properties. Linen fiber physical and chemical properties of linen fiber. Wool is composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and this is the only animal fiber, which contains sulfur in addition. Wool is extensively used in textile applications where comfort and aesthetics are important.
It is the designers responsibility to select the appropriate fabrics for their intended applications, but it is the responsibility of the fabric producer to provide as much information as. Recovery from deformation of cotton fibre, yarn or fabric from applied load is very low. The wool fibers have crimps or curls, which create pockets and give the wool a spongy feel and create insulation for the wearer. Textile fiber properties chart wool physical appearance color, shape, and luster color white to creamy, to light beige, yellow, brown, and black. Structural and physical properties of dietary fibres, and. Part ii considers properties that are related to the comfort of different fabrics made from fibers. First published in 1962, and now in its fourth edition, physical properties of textile fibres has become a classic, providing the standard reference on key aspects of fibre performance. Chapter 3 fabric properties and their characteristics revised. The secret to australian merino wool s softness is its exceptionally fine fibres. Fibersfibers a thin long flexible structure ina thin long flexible structure in witch, the ratio of length to diameterwitch, the ratio of length to diameter is very high.
The aminoacids present in wool are mainly bulky, while silk has. This makes merino wool feel soft and gentle next to your skin. Physical and morphological characteristics of wool fibres. The tensile strength of wool in dry condition is 1 1. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersal of the seeds.
The ecocredentials of wool are enhanced by its long service life and suitability to be recycled to new textiles for clothing. Natures fibre wool is grown yearround by australias 70 million sheep, from a simple blend of water, air, sunshine and grass. It is used in mens and womens apparel, outer wear and cold weather clothing, suits, blankets, felts and carpeting. Wool fibers are hygroscopic and the most hydrophilic of textile fibers. So the whole family will be safer wearing wool on sunny days. Physical properties of textile fibres textile study center.
Physical properties and characteristics of fabrics textile. Physical and chemical properties of wool fiber textile learner. Consider the importance of fiber properties in comfort when fibers are made into fabric. Fine and superfine wool production has increased as a percentage of the australian wool clip. The molecular configurations and physical properties of some regenerated synthetic polypeptides, proceedings of the royal society of london. The elastic recovery of wool fiber is 65% for 20% extension and almost 100% for short extension. Wool fiber physical and chemical properties of wool textile. To know about a fiber it is required to know about the physical and chemical properties of the fiber. The following curriculumbased resource package includes a variety of interactive resources. Soft merino wool fibres are extremely fine, enabling them to bend far more than traditional, broader wool fibres. They have poor resistance to alkalis but good resistance to acids.
Wool fiber could be dyed by basic dye, direct dye and acid dye. Natural fibres and their effect on fabric performance 3. Like all the textile fibers, cotton has its own physical and chemical properties which are required to know for better processing in spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing, printing as well as finishing. They might be naturally present in the food in cell walls of vegetables and fruits, for instance or introduced in the food to improve their nutritional properties e. Wools range of desirable properties make it a valuable material for many different purposes, from highend fashion to fireresistant products and heavyduty carpet. Youngs modulus is also independent of the rate of straining over the range 0. The structure and properties of wool and hair fibres. The properties of wool pdf 1018 kb learn about wool. I explain causes for differing materials properties. Physical and chemical properties of cotton fibre textile. Physical properties and characteristics of fabrics we need to make sure that the customer is aware of the properties and characteristics of the fabrics.
In addition to carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen it also contains sulphur. For this reason, i like to present the physical and chemical properties of the linen fiber. Physical properties and characteristics of fabrics. The chemical, structural and physical properties of a range of proteinaceous and polyamide fibres, including silk, wool, nylon and various modern and historic regenerated proteins, have been assessed. Youngs modulus and stress relaxation over the strain range 120% are independent of temperature over the range 1080c. F identify the general nature of fibers and fabrics. Nov 16, 2018 physical properties and characteristics of fabrics we need to make sure that the customer is aware of the properties and characteristics of the fabrics. It varies depending on the wool s country of origin and sheep type. Wool fiber therefore does not crease easily and have good crease recovery. The dye molecules are attracted into the amorphous areas of wool. Now i have discussed the following properties of wool fiber. The another name of this properties can be as the properties of cotton fiber.
The properties presented in tables 2 and 3 are representative of the compositional ranges in table 1 and correspond to the following overview of glass fiber properties. Wool s range of unique properties make it a desirable and irreplaceable material for a variety of purposes. Chapter 3 fabric properties and their characteristics praburaj venkatraman 1. The elastic and viscoelastic properties of wool fibres, as determined by the mechanical properties of ifs and matrix, largely determine crease resistance, dimensional stability, drape and handle of wool fabrics, while they are decisive factors for water wave formation and stability in human hair.
Merino wool has 30 crimps per inch while coarse wool has one or two. Wools range of unique properties make it a desirable and irreplaceable material for a variety of purposes. See the following properties of a cellulose fiber or cotton fiber. Here, i have written about physical and chemical properties of cotton fiber. The variation in the thickness and fabric weight gsm of the nonwoven fabrics is due to the variation in the physical properties of silk and wool fibers. A layer of wax, which protects the fibre from the weather, covers the surface of.